Breakthrough in Gene-Editing: Pigs Now Resistant to Classical Swine Fever
Gene-editing technology was used to alter a protein which the classical swine fever virus depends on to make copies of itself in the pigs’ cells. Image: Roslin Institute
Researchers from Scotland have made a significant advancement in agricultural biotechnology by employing gene-editing technology to produce pigs that are resistant to classical swine fever (CSF). This disease is notorious for its high infection rates and devastating impacts on pork production and farmers worldwide.
The Challenge of Classical Swine Fever
Classical swine fever has been a persistent threat, resulting in severe economic fallout for farmers. Existing vaccines, while helpful, often fall short in combating the virus’s infectious nature and ability to persist in environments and across species.
A Promising Breakthrough
The groundbreaking research, detailed in the journal Trends in Biotechnology, suggests a method for protecting farms globally from this often-fatal disease. Researchers at the University of Edinburgh’s Roslin Institute gene-edited pigs to inhibit the virus’s ability to replicate in their cells.
Research Findings
The study led by the Roslin Institute team involved altering a specific pig protein crucial for the CSF virus’s replication. The team conducted experiments demonstrating that gene-edited pigs did not show signs of disease after exposure to the virus, while unedited counterparts displayed typical infection symptoms.
Gene Editing Methodology
To achieve this resistance, researchers focused on modifying the gene responsible for producing DNAJC14, a protein pivotal in the viral replication process. Laboratory tests showed that this alteration could effectively prevent the virus from replicating, which led to the next phase involving live animals.
Conducting Live Trials
The team implanted modified embryos into surrogate mothers and monitored the pigs as they matured. Upon exposure to the CSF virus, the gene-edited pigs exhibited no symptoms, contrasting sharply with their unedited peers.
Wider Implications
While classical swine fever is currently absent in the UK, it poses significant threats in regions such as Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The pestivirus family, which includes viruses impacting other livestock types, could potentially also be targeted for resistance using similar genetic edits.
Future of Genetic Editing in Agriculture
This research demonstrates the feasibility of using gene editing as part of a comprehensive strategy for disease prevention, alongside traditional vaccines and other agricultural measures. Collaborators included animal genetics company Genus and the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), ensuring a robust framework for conducting the studies.
Conclusion
As gene editing shows potential in enhancing animal health and promoting sustainable agriculture, the Roslin Institute emphasizes the importance of infrastructure to safely breed and monitor genetically modified livestock. These innovations promise to make significant contributions to global food security.
Source: Roslin Institute
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