Katelyn Hemmer, Policy & Programs Intern

By Katelyn Hemmer, OFRF Policy & Programs Intern, Winter 2025-26

Challenges Facing Small Farmers Amid USDA Policy Changes

Despite the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) rhetoric aimed at revitalizing support for small farms, recent policy decisions have significantly undermined resources available to these critical agricultural players. Small family farms make up approximately 85% of all farms in the United States, playing a vital role in boosting local economies, preserving land, and ensuring food security amid global supply chain challenges.

Key Policy Changes Impacting Farmers

In 2025, a series of policy alterations have imposed serious constraints on small farmers, including:

• A nearly 25% reduction in NRCS staff, primarily in field offices offering crucial technical assistance and grants.
• The termination of several key programs, such as the Local Food for Schools and the Regional Food Business Centers, which provided essential market access and support to small farmers.
• Increased grant flooring in existing programs, such as the Patrick Leahy Farm to School Grant Program, which now disadvantages smaller entities.
• A general trend of policy shifts leading to diminished trust among farmers in the USDA and federal support systems.

Impact of NRCS Cuts

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) faced substantial cutbacks over the past year, leading to less technical assistance and support for farmers. With nearly one in four NRCS employees laid off—most from field offices— farmers now experience more bureaucratic delays in securing vital assistance.

NRCS programs, like the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), are already competitive, with many applicants denied funding. With reduced staffing, the remaining employees are overburdened, which further hinders the agency’s ability to support sustainable farming practices effectively.

Funding Reductions for Agriculture Programs

In March 2025, the USDA announced a cut of $1 billion in funding aimed at supporting local food purchases for schools, food banks, and child care centers. The cancellation of programs meant to bolster local agriculture has left smaller farmers with fewer markets and opportunities for growth.

Subsequent cuts to the Patrick Leahy Farm to School Grant Program and the elimination of the Regional Food Business Centers are particularly detrimental. With previous funding mechanisms now terminated, small farmers are losing essential support systems necessary for their survival.

Actions for Supporting Small Farmers

The decline of small farms—a staggering 8% drop between 2017 and 2024—is a concern for anyone invested in our food system. To counteract these negative trends, community members can advocate for policies supporting smaller agricultural operations and push for changes to grant structures, ensuring that smaller entities can compete for funding.

Moreover, fully staffing NRCS offices will empower more farmers to protect their land through sustainable practices, ultimately leading to healthier food systems. Individuals can engage with local agricultural organizations and participate in policy advocacy to uplift the voices of small farmers.

Whether you are a farmer, a landowner, or simply a consumer of food, the future of our agricultural landscape is in all our hands. Explore avenues for involvement and make a conscious effort to support local agriculture.