Innovative Test Aims to Identify Low-Methane Pastures for Livestock

Desmanthus pasture in southern Queensland

A new testing methodology is being developed to assist producers in selecting low-methane pastures without sacrificing livestock performance.

Enteric methane emissions from ruminant livestock constitute approximately 11 percent of Australia’s total greenhouse gas emissions. While methane is significantly more potent than carbon dioxide, its shorter atmospheric lifespan offers a potential avenue for swift climate benefits, typically realizable within 12 years.

Researchers have long recognized that different pasture species can influence methane emissions. The new project, supported by Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA), seeks to identify low-methane options that align with Australia’s net zero emissions objective.

The Role of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Leading the way in this initiative is Richard Meyer, a Feed Chemist at the NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. Meyer is spearheading the development of a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) test, designed to rapidly assess the methane output potential of various pasture species.

“NIRS is already widely utilized for feed quality analysis,” Meyer explained. “By refining our calibrations, we can predict methane output from pastures more quickly and affordably compared to traditional methods like specialized metabolic chambers or in-vitro fermentation techniques.”

Screening for Low-Methane Species

Methane emissions from livestock have been a longstanding research focus; however, practical solutions for extensive grazing systems remain scarce. While methane-reducing feed additives are being explored for feedlot systems, pasture-based solutions present a more viable strategy for producers in extensive grazing environments, which comprise about 95 percent of Australian production systems.

“The red meat industry is committed to contributing to Australia’s net zero ambitions,” stated Meyer. “Pasture-based methane reduction strategies could play a significant role in emissions reductions without complicating farm management for producers.”

To date, Meyer’s team has analyzed over 500 pasture samples (with a goal of 1,000), identifying certain species that can significantly reduce methane output. “Some plant species inherently lower methane when digested by ruminants,” he noted. “We are identifying which species not only fit well within livestock systems but also efficiently reduce emissions.”

The new NIRS testing method will grant seed producers and pasture trial networks the capability to screen forages at scale, providing data-driven recommendations for producers.

Maintaining Balance in Productivity

A critical concern regarding methane mitigation strategies is whether the selection of low-methane pastures will negatively impact livestock health and productivity. Meyer’s team is collaborating with other researchers to study pasture mixes that not only maintain but enhance production outcomes while also lowering emissions.

“Our aim is not just to reduce methane; we are also focused on finding solutions that ensure livestock continue to perform well,” Meyer added. “In many cases, improved pasture management can result in greater productivity, lowering methane intensity per kilogram of red meat produced due to quicker turn-off times.”

The analysis of methane content in pasture samples through NIRS is anticipated to be available for broader industry use by June 2026. The team is actively refining the accuracy of this testing method, intending to make it accessible to other laboratories, commercial feed suppliers, and livestock producers following the project’s completion.

For more information, watch the short video about low-methane pasture trials below:

Source: MLA