Severe Outbreak of Avian Influenza in Italian Poultry Farms

Italy has seen a troubling spike in cases of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) among domestic poultry, with 43 confirmed cases reported between late December and January 1, 2026. Notably, almost half of these infected farms specialize in turkey production, while eight are involved in laying hen operations, according to data from the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe).

Timeline of HPAI Cases

The Italian National Reference Centre for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease confirmed its first HPAI virus subtype H5N1 case in poultry on September 29, 2025. In response, general and specific control measures were enacted in affected protection and surveillance zones.

Monthly Breakdown of Infections

Throughout October 2025, a total of 15 new cases were documented. This was followed by another 9 cases in November and 18 additional cases reported in December. Furthermore, the first case of HPAI subtype H5N1 in wild birds was discovered on October 14, 2025, marking a resurgence of the virus since February.

Regions Most Affected

Lombardy, the northern region surrounding Milan, has suffered the most, with 20 reported infections in poultry farms. Emilia-Romagna has reported 9 cases, with additional infections scattered across other areas such as Veneto and Piedmont.

No Cases in Southern Italy

Thus far, the IZSVe report indicates no sightings of avian influenza in the southern parts of Italy. This geographical separation provides a slight but crucial buffer against the spread of this devastating virus.

Conclusion

The ongoing outbreak of HPAI presents significant challenges for the poultry industry in Italy, particularly for turkey producers. As authorities implement stringent control measures, the situation remains dynamic and requires continuous monitoring.